As I discuss in my just officially released new book The Olympic Games Effect, the Ancient Greeks did not allow women to view or participate in the Olympics. Surprisingly to some, not every country in the modern era sends both men and women to the Olympics. That may change in London as the three remaining countries that have not previously sent women (Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Brunei) may be on the verge of doing so. Talks have been under way between the IOC and Saudi Arabia about including several women on the team, for example. The talks are interesting because the female athletes being considered may not currently meet international qualifying standards, so the IOC may provide an exemption due to extraordinary circumstances. Political, cultural and religious sensitivities are combining to make this a very interesting and not altogether easy decision, but the long-term implications are positive and important because the IOC charter seeks gender equality. Having female athletes from these three remaining countries would also help reduce criticism of the IOC from groups like Human Rights Watch. Assuming all three countries send women to the Olympics it will mark the first time in nearly 3,000 years of Olympic history that all participating countries have both genders represented-an important symbol of progress for the Olympic Movement that is long overdue.